TEAM Coalition
Techniques for Effective Alcohol Management
NFL RHIR Responsible Fans for the Season
2021 NFL Responsible Fans for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | Kathy Nunn | |
| Atlanta Falcons | Jonathan Leibel | |
| Baltimore Ravens | Shandra Boyer | |
| Buffalo Bills | Lynn Brucker | |
| Carolina Panthers | Abby Collins | |
| Chicago Bears | Omar Maravilla | |
| Cincinnati Bengals | Kelli Wilker | |
| Cleveland Browns | Cindy Ashby | |
| Dallas Cowboys | Shannon Krause | |
| Denver Broncos | Sally Kingman | |
| Detroit Lions | Chris Hojara | |
| Green Bay Packers | MaryJane Hemmy | |
| Houston Texans | Andrea Browne | |
| Indianapolis Colts | Olivia Bright | |
| Jacksonville Jaguars | Carl Newsome | |
| Kansas City Chiefs | Greg Brummit | |
| Las Vegas Raiders | Ursula Byard | |
| Los Angeles Chargers | ||
| Los Angeles Rams | ||
| Miami Dolphins | Niurka Coiscou | |
| Minnesota Vikings | Sarah Hlavacek | |
| New England Patriots | ||
| New Orleans Saints | Kathryn Burger | |
| New York Giants | Kevin DiCapua | |
| New York Jets | Alex Gurka | |
| Philadelphia Eagles | Matthew Miller | |
| Pittsburgh Steelers | Maria Tate | |
| San Francisco 49ers | William Rossman | |
| Seattle Seahawks | Dean Gagnon | |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | John Henwood, Jr. | |
| Tennessee Titans | Chris Gothard | |
| Washington Football Team | Daniel Frank | |
2019 NFL Responsible Fans for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | Haydee Escobedo | |
| Atlanta Falcons | Anthony Brockinson | |
| Baltimore Ravens | Jill Rosenthal | |
| Buffalo Bills | Nicole Smith | |
| Carolina Panthers | Walter Broome | |
| Chicago Bears | Jeremy Petrie | |
| Cincinnati Bengals | Laura Morgan | |
| Cleveland Browns | Rick Ray | |
| Dallas Cowboys | Dario Hernandez | |
| Denver Broncos | Tony Abeyta | |
| Detroit Lions | Alana Sue Danko | |
| Green Bay Packers | Mary Lutzke | |
| Houston Texans | James Drapela | |
| Indianapolis Colts | Frank O’Connell | |
| Jacksonville Jaguars | Rachel Ocean | |
| Kansas City Chiefs | Kameron Rees | |
| Los Angeles Chargers | Bryan Vargas | |
| Los Angeles Rams | Rebecca Williams | |
| Miami Dolphins | Robin Brody | |
| Minnesota Vikings | Andy DiMartino | |
| New England Patriots | Monty Cole | |
| New Orleans Saints | Janet Rodman | |
| New York Giants | Irene Decker | |
| New York Jets | Thomas Bindert | |
| Oakland Raiders | Darrell Shelley | |
| Philadelphia Eagles | Timothy Knepp | |
| Pittsburgh Steelers | Paul Poplawski | |
| San Francisco 49ers | Erin Keeley | |
| Seattle Seahawks | Brian Shower | |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Lisa Auello Ford | |
| Tennessee Titans | Caitlin Fuson | |
| Washington Redskins | Victoria Owens | |
2018 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | Ron Telesko | |
| Atlanta Falcons | Tamara Robinson | |
| Baltimore Ravens | Joanne Sonberg | |
| Buffalo Bills | Russ Lyons | |
| Carolina Panthers | Michael Jones | |
| Chicago Bears | Lisa O’Neil | |
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | Ryan Goughnour | |
| Dallas Cowboys | Sonia Aguillon | |
| Denver Broncos | John Dawson | |
| Detroit Lions | Curtis Yates | |
| Green Bay Packers | Tim Veldboom | |
| Houston Texans | Elizabeth Stacy | |
| Indianapolis Colts | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | Jasmine Watson | |
| Kansas City Chiefs | Damian Arrieta | |
| Los Angeles Chargers | Charles Duddy | |
| Los Angeles Rams | Samantha Morales | |
| Miami Dolphins | Michael Morse | |
| Minnesota Vikings | Jillian Cousins | |
| New England Patriots | Kristina Forsyth | |
| New Orleans Saints | Ashley Shirer | |
| New York Giants | Kathleen Fenniman | |
| New York Jets | Lee Dunst | |
| Oakland Raiders | Rachel Moran | |
| Philadelphia Eagles | Kathie King | |
| Pittsburgh Steelers | Bob Herbert | |
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | Malia McDermott | |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | David Miller | |
| Tennessee Titans | Randy Scott – 2019 Pro Bowl Winner | |
| Washington Redskins | Denise Scott | |
2017 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | Robert Bussing | |
| Atlanta Falcons | Robert Jared Oldham | |
| Baltimore Ravens | Jevon Edwards | |
| Buffalo Bills | Todd Pacer | |
| Carolina Panthers | Thomas Swartont | |
| Chicago Bears | Brenda Musich – 2018 Pro Bowl Winner | |
| Cincinnati Bengals | Gregg Greer | |
| Cleveland Browns | Monica Darr | |
| Dallas Cowboys | Robin Kelmenson | |
| Denver Broncos | Patricia Gonzales | |
| Detroit Lions | Sy Perkowski | |
| Green Bay Packers | Joan Waskow | |
| Houston Texans | Daryl Lott | |
| Indianapolis Colts | Diane Elmore | |
| Jacksonville Jaguars | Thomas Larson | |
| Kansas City Chiefs | Ed Augustine | |
| Los Angeles Rams | Kassandra Chacon | |
| Los Angeles Chargers | Patrick Ropati | |
| Miami Dolphins | Richard Ortiz | |
| Minnesota Vikings | Angela Spinler | |
| New England Patriots | Janet Ruggiero | |
| New Orleans Saints | Yvonne Farmer | |
| New York Giants | Eileen Mataza | |
| New York Jets | Kathie Kuvish | |
| Oakland Raiders | Erica Calderon | |
| Philadelphia Eagles | Henry Kern | |
| Pittsburgh Steelers | Timothy Kunsel | |
| San Francisco 49ers | Karen Vistan | |
| Seattle Seahawks | Steve Walsh | |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Janet Meyer | |
| Tennessee Titans | Ben Floyd | |
| Washington Redskins | Ed Willis | |
2016 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | Vickie Musolino | |
| Atlanta Falcons | Ralph Crook | |
| Baltimore Ravens | Christie McDevitt | |
| Buffalo Bills | Trish Schneider | |
| Carolina Panthers | Christopher Philbeck | |
| Chicago Bears | Kristin Knott | |
| Cincinnati Bengals | Michael Robinson | |
| Cleveland Browns | Andrew Yerkish | |
| Dallas Cowboys | William Curl | |
| Denver Broncos | Sandy Thomas | |
| Detroit Lions | Anthony Adams | |
| Green Bay Packers | Forrest Bates | |
| Houston Texans | Rick Coy | |
| Indianapolis Colts | Jonathan Hall | |
| Jacksonville Jaguars | David Zaborniak | |
| Kansas City Chiefs | Brad Haworth | |
| Los Angeles Rams | Kelly Smith | |
| Miami Dolphins | Alan Goldberg | |
| Minnesota Vikings | Anna Greene | |
| New England Patriots | John Sawa | |
| New Orleans Saints | Gerard Hanford | |
| New York Giants | James Walsh | |
| New York Jets | Zachary Juviler – 2017 Pro Bowl Winner | |
| Oakland Raiders | Tamara Childs | |
| Philadelphia Eagles | Michael Binder | |
| Pittsburgh Steelers | Marie Tate | |
| San Diego Chargers | Rebecca Eden | |
| San Francisco 49ers | Steve Schlief | |
| Seattle Seahawks | Dixie Callaham | |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Brynn Dawson | |
| Tennessee Titans | Lonnie Garrett | |
| Washington Redskins | Mike Howe | |
2015 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | ||
| Atlanta Falcons | Sam Bledoe | |
| Baltimore Ravens | ||
| Buffalo Bills | Rebekah Tranchell | |
| Carolina Panthers | Frank Jetton – Super Bowl 50 Winner | |
| Chicago Bears | Jim Robinson | |
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | Teresa Barrington | |
| Dallas Cowboys | Don Nikirk | |
| Denver Broncos | Colleen Eastman – Super Bowl 50 Winner | |
| Detroit Lions | ||
| Green Bay Packers | Kim Jobke | |
| Houston Texans | Steve Pittman | |
| Indianapolis Colts | Angela Britton | |
| Jacksonville Jaguars | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | Robin Miller | |
| Miami Dolphins | Alan Bresalier | |
| Minnesota Vikings | ||
| New England Patriots | Karen Byrne | |
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | Roberta Halpern | |
| New York Jets | Tim Connor | |
| Oakland Raiders | Angie French | |
| Philadelphia Eagles | Rebecca Grisillo – 2016 Pro Bowl Winner | |
| Pittsburgh Steelers | Rebecca Wiley | |
| San Diego Chargers | Anna Tompkins | |
| San Francisco 49ers | Tom Amendola | |
| Seattle Seahawks | Jennifer Porto | |
| St. Louis Rams | Sharon Kunz | |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | Mike Heathcock | |
| Washington Redskins | ||
2014 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | Chris Nisbet | |
| Atlanta Falcons | Jennifer Moore | |
| Baltimore Ravens | Barry B elle | |
| Buffalo Bills | Lauren Webber | |
| Carolina Panthers | Stephanie Cloninger | |
| Chicago Bears | Carol Zito | |
| Cincinnati Bengals | Rachael Crawford | |
| Cleveland Browns | Melanie Thuemling | |
| Dallas Cowboys | Barbara McKenzie | |
| Denver Broncos | Wayne Weaver | |
| Detroit Lions | Kate Green | |
| Green Bay Packers | Blake Powers | |
| Houston Texans | Mike Kinsella | |
| Indianapolis Colts | Tom Corcorn | |
| Jacksonville Jaguars | Jeffrey Karpf | |
| Kansas City Chiefs | Kim King | |
| Miami Dolphins | Terry Porter | |
| Minnesota Vikings | Sara Wilson | |
| New England Patriots | Ray Martel – Super Bowl XLIX Winner | |
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | Steve Holick | |
| New York Jets | Rosemarie Olivera | |
| Oakland Raiders | Gordon Chin | |
| Philadelphia Eagles | Rhonda Schwartz | |
| Pittsburgh Steelers | Janet Guardino | |
| San Diego Chargers | Katie Zockwood | |
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | Trisha Varrelman – Super Bowl XLIX Winner | |
| St. Louis Rams | Kyle Wooten – 2015 Pro Bowl Winner | |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | ||
| Washington Redskins | Jackson Barnes | |
2013 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | ||
| Atlanta Falcons | ||
| Baltimore Ravens | ||
| Buffalo Bills | ||
| Carolina Panthers | ||
| Chicago Bears | ||
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | ||
| Dallas Cowboys | ||
| Denver Broncos | ||
| Detroit Lions | ||
| Green Bay Packers | ||
| Houston Texans | ||
| Indianapolis Colts | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | ||
| Miami Dolphins | ||
| Minnesota Vikings | ||
| New England Patriots | ||
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | ||
| New York Jets | ||
| Oakland Raiders | ||
| Philadelphia Eagles | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | ||
| San Diego Chargers | ||
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | ||
| St. Louis Rams | ||
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | ||
| Washington Redskins | ||
2012 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | ||
| Atlanta Falcons | ||
| Baltimore Ravens | ||
| Buffalo Bills | ||
| Carolina Panthers | ||
| Chicago Bears | ||
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | ||
| Dallas Cowboys | ||
| Denver Broncos | ||
| Detroit Lions | ||
| Green Bay Packers | ||
| Houston Texans | ||
| Indianapolis Colts | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | ||
| Miami Dolphins | ||
| Minnesota Vikings | ||
| New England Patriots | ||
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | ||
| New York Jets | ||
| Oakland Raiders | ||
| Philadelphia Eagles | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | ||
| San Diego Chargers | ||
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | ||
| St. Louis Rams | ||
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | ||
| Washington Redskins | ||
2011 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | ||
| Atlanta Falcons | ||
| Baltimore Ravens | ||
| Buffalo Bills | ||
| Carolina Panthers | ||
| Chicago Bears | ||
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | ||
| Dallas Cowboys | ||
| Denver Broncos | ||
| Detroit Lions | ||
| Green Bay Packers | ||
| Houston Texans | ||
| Indianapolis Colts | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | ||
| Miami Dolphins | ||
| Minnesota Vikings | ||
| New England Patriots | ||
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | ||
| New York Jets | ||
| Oakland Raiders | ||
| Philadelphia Eagles | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | ||
| San Diego Chargers | ||
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | ||
| St. Louis Rams | ||
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | ||
| Washington Redskins | ||
2010 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | ||
| Atlanta Falcons | ||
| Baltimore Ravens | ||
| Buffalo Bills | ||
| Carolina Panthers | ||
| Chicago Bears | ||
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | ||
| Dallas Cowboys | ||
| Denver Broncos | ||
| Detroit Lions | ||
| Green Bay Packers | ||
| Houston Texans | ||
| Indianapolis Colts | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | ||
| Miami Dolphins | ||
| Minnesota Vikings | ||
| New England Patriots | ||
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | ||
| New York Jets | ||
| Oakland Raiders | ||
| Philadelphia Eagles | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | ||
| San Diego Chargers | ||
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | ||
| St. Louis Rams | ||
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | ||
| Washington Redskins | ||
2009 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | ||
| Atlanta Falcons | ||
| Baltimore Ravens | ||
| Buffalo Bills | ||
| Carolina Panthers | ||
| Chicago Bears | ||
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | ||
| Dallas Cowboys | ||
| Denver Broncos | ||
| Detroit Lions | ||
| Green Bay Packers | ||
| Houston Texans | ||
| Indianapolis Colts | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | ||
| Miami Dolphins | ||
| Minnesota Vikings | ||
| New England Patriots | ||
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | ||
| New York Jets | ||
| Oakland Raiders | ||
| Philadelphia Eagles | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | ||
| San Diego Chargers | ||
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | ||
| St. Louis Rams | ||
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | ||
| Washington Redskins | ||
2008 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | ||
| Atlanta Falcons | ||
| Baltimore Ravens | ||
| Buffalo Bills | ||
| Carolina Panthers | ||
| Chicago Bears | ||
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | ||
| Dallas Cowboys | ||
| Denver Broncos | ||
| Detroit Lions | ||
| Green Bay Packers | ||
| Houston Texans | ||
| Indianapolis Colts | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | ||
| Miami Dolphins | ||
| Minnesota Vikings | ||
| New England Patriots | ||
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | ||
| New York Jets | ||
| Oakland Raiders | ||
| Philadelphia Eagles | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | ||
| San Diego Chargers | ||
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | ||
| St. Louis Rams | ||
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | ||
| Washington Redskins | ||
2007 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | ||
| Atlanta Falcons | ||
| Baltimore Ravens | ||
| Buffalo Bills | ||
| Carolina Panthers | ||
| Chicago Bears | ||
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | ||
| Dallas Cowboys | ||
| Denver Broncos | ||
| Detroit Lions | ||
| Green Bay Packers | ||
| Houston Texans | ||
| Indianapolis Colts | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | ||
| Miami Dolphins | ||
| Minnesota Vikings | ||
| New England Patriots | ||
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | ||
| New York Jets | ||
| Oakland Raiders | ||
| Philadelphia Eagles | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | ||
| San Diego Chargers | ||
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | ||
| St. Louis Rams | ||
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | ||
| Washington Redskins | ||
2006 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | ||
| Atlanta Falcons | ||
| Baltimore Ravens | ||
| Buffalo Bills | ||
| Carolina Panthers | ||
| Chicago Bears | ||
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | ||
| Dallas Cowboys | ||
| Denver Broncos | ||
| Detroit Lions | ||
| Green Bay Packers | ||
| Houston Texans | ||
| Indianapolis Colts | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | ||
| Miami Dolphins | ||
| Minnesota Vikings | ||
| New England Patriots | ||
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | ||
| New York Jets | ||
| Oakland Raiders | ||
| Philadelphia Eagles | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | ||
| San Diego Chargers | ||
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | ||
| St. Louis Rams | ||
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | ||
| Washington Redskins | ||
2005 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | ||
| Atlanta Falcons | ||
| Baltimore Ravens | ||
| Buffalo Bills | ||
| Carolina Panthers | ||
| Chicago Bears | ||
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | ||
| Dallas Cowboys | ||
| Denver Broncos | ||
| Detroit Lions | ||
| Green Bay Packers | ||
| Houston Texans | ||
| Indianapolis Colts | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | ||
| Miami Dolphins | ||
| Minnesota Vikings | ||
| New England Patriots | ||
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | ||
| New York Jets | ||
| Oakland Raiders | ||
| Philadelphia Eagles | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | ||
| San Diego Chargers | ||
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | ||
| St. Louis Rams | ||
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | ||
| Washington Redskins | ||
2004 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | ||
| Atlanta Falcons | ||
| Baltimore Ravens | ||
| Buffalo Bills | ||
| Carolina Panthers | ||
| Chicago Bears | ||
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | ||
| Dallas Cowboys | ||
| Denver Broncos | ||
| Detroit Lions | ||
| Green Bay Packers | ||
| Houston Texans | ||
| Indianapolis Colts | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | ||
| Miami Dolphins | ||
| Minnesota Vikings | ||
| New England Patriots | ||
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | ||
| New York Jets | ||
| Oakland Raiders | ||
| Philadelphia Eagles | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | ||
| San Diego Chargers | ||
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | ||
| St. Louis Rams | ||
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | ||
| Washington Redskins | ||
2003 NFL Designated Drivers for the Season |
||
| Arizona Cardinals | ||
| Atlanta Falcons | ||
| Baltimore Ravens | ||
| Buffalo Bills | ||
| Carolina Panthers | ||
| Chicago Bears | ||
| Cincinnati Bengals | ||
| Cleveland Browns | ||
| Dallas Cowboys | ||
| Denver Broncos | ||
| Detroit Lions | ||
| Green Bay Packers | ||
| Houston Texans | ||
| Indianapolis Colts | ||
| Jacksonville Jaguars | ||
| Kansas City Chiefs | ||
| Miami Dolphins | ||
| Minnesota Vikings | ||
| New England Patriots | ||
| New Orleans Saints | ||
| New York Giants | ||
| New York Jets | ||
| Oakland Raiders | ||
| Philadelphia Eagles | ||
| Pittsburgh Steelers | ||
| San Diego Chargers | ||
| San Francisco 49ers | ||
| Seattle Seahawks | ||
| St. Louis Rams | ||
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | ||
| Tennessee Titans | ||
| Washington Redskins | ||
TEAM Coalition and the National Football League are supporting the designated driver programs at all NFL stadiums during the 2018 season with a special incentive called the Responsibility Has Its Rewards (RHIR) sweepstakes. Every stadium offers fans a designated driver program. Fans who register to be a designated driver pledge to not drink alcohol, drive their friends and family home safely, and ensure that everyone always buckles up.
At the end of the season, one Designated Driver for the Season from each team is selected. The Designated Drivers for the Season from the teams that compete in Super Bowl LIII will each receive the Grand Prize of the Sweepstakes. The Grand Prize of the Sweepstakes is a trip for two (2) to the Super Bowl, including two (2) tickets to the game, round trip airfare and hotel accommodations (if necessary).
A first prize for the RHIR sweepstakes is also awarded. The 30 remaining Designated Drivers for the Season whose teams do not compete in Super Bowl are qualified to win the first prize. The first prize is a trip to the 2019 Pro Bowl® in Orlando, FL. That winner will be chosen randomly from the remaining 30 Designated Drivers for the Season. The Pro Bowl® trip includes two (2) tickets to the game, round trip airfare and hotel accommodations (if necessary).